Kimwe mu bibazo bikunze kugaragara ku kuvura amatara atukura ni agace k'amaso. Abantu bashaka gukoresha amatara atukura ku ruhu rwo mu maso, ariko bafite impungenge ko amatara atukura cyane areba aho hantu ashobora kuba atari meza ku maso yabo. Ese hari ikintu cyo guhangayikishwa nacyo? Ese amatara atukura ashobora kwangiza amaso? Cyangwa se koko ashobora kuba ingirakamaro cyane kandi agafasha mu gukiza amaso yacu?
Intangiriro
Amaso ashobora kuba ari yo ngingo z'umubiri wacu zishobora kwibasirwa cyane kandi zifite agaciro. Kubona ibintu ni ingenzi mu byo dukora, kandi ni ingenzi cyane mu mikorere yacu ya buri munsi. Amaso y'abantu yumva urumuri cyane cyane, akaba ashobora gutandukanya amabara agera kuri miliyoni 10. Ashobora kandi kubona urumuri hagati y'uburebure bw'umurambararo bwa 400nm na 700nm.
Ntabwo dufite ibikoresho byo kumenya urumuri rwa infrared hafi (nk'uko bikoreshwa mu kuvura urumuri rwa infrared), nk'uko tutabona izindi ntera z'imirasire ya EM nka UV, Microwaves, n'ibindi. Biherutse kugaragara ko ijisho rishobora kubona fotoni imwe. Kimwe n'ahandi ku mubiri, amaso agizwe n'uturemangingo, uturemangingo twihariye, twose dukora imirimo idasanzwe. Dufite uturemangingo twa rod tureba ubukana bw'urumuri, uturemangingo twa cone tureba ibara, uturemangingo dutandukanye twa epithelial, uturemangingo dukora urwenya, uturemangingo dukora kolajeni, nibindi. Zimwe muri izi turemangingo (n'uturemangingo) zishobora kwibasirwa n'ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'urumuri. Uturemangingo twose turubona inyungu mu bundi bwoko bw'urumuri. Ubushakashatsi muri ako gace bwariyongereye cyane mu myaka 10 ishize.
Ni irihe bara/uburebure bw'urumuri bufitiye akamaro amaso?
Inyinshi mu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ingaruka nziza zikoresha LED nk'isoko y'urumuri, igice kinini cyazo kikaba kigera ku bunini bwa 670nm (umutuku). Uburebure bw'urumuri n'ubwoko bw'urumuri/isoko si byo bintu by'ingenzi gusa, kuko ubukana bw'urumuri n'igihe cyo kurugaragaza bigira ingaruka ku bisubizo.
Ni gute urumuri rutukura rufasha amaso?
Bitewe n’uko amaso yacu ari yo ngingo y’ibanze y’umubiri wacu ishobora kwakirwa n’urumuri, umuntu ashobora gutekereza ko kwinjiza urumuri rutukura n’udusimba dutukura bifite aho bihuriye n’ingaruka zagaragaye mu bushakashatsi. Ibi si ko bimeze rwose.
Inyigisho y'ibanze isobanura ingaruka zo kuvura urumuri rutukura n'urumuri rwa infrared, aho ari ho hose mu mubiri, ikubiyemo imikoranire iri hagati y'urumuri na mitochondria. Inshingano nyamukuru ya mitochondria ni ugutanga ingufu ku ngirabuzimafatizo zayo -Ubuvuzi bw'urumuri bunongera ubushobozi bwo gukora ingufu.
Amaso y'abantu, cyane cyane uturemangingo twa retina, afite ibisabwa byinshi mu mikorere y'umubiri kurusha uturemangingo twose - akenera ingufu nyinshi. Uburyo bwonyine bwo guhaza iki gikorwa ni uko uturemangingo tuba dufite mitochondria nyinshi - bityo ntibitangaje kuba uturemangingo two mu maso dufite umubare munini wa mitochondria ahantu hose mu mubiri.
Kubera ko uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe urumuri bukora binyuze mu gukorana na mitochondria, kandi amaso akaba ari yo afite isoko rikungahaye kuri mitochondria mu mubiri, ni ikintu gifatika gutekereza ko urumuri ruzagira ingaruka zikomeye mu maso ugereranije n'ibindi bice by'umubiri. Hejuru y'ibyo, ubushakashatsi buherutse bwerekanye ko kwangirika kw'ijisho na retina bifitanye isano itaziguye no kudakora neza kwa mitochondria. Bityo, uburyo bwo kuvura bushobora kugarura mitochondria, muri zo nyinshi, mu jisho ni bwo buryo bwiza.
Ubunini bw'urumuri bwiza cyane
Umucyo wa 670nm, ubwoko bw'urumuri rugaragara nk'umutuku wijimye, ni wo wigwaho cyane mu ndwara zose z'amaso. Izindi ngero z'uburebure zifite ibisubizo byiza zirimo 630nm, 780nm, 810nm na 830nm. Itara ry'umutuku riva kuri laser cyangwa LED rishobora gukoreshwa ahantu hose ku mubiri, nubwo hari ikintu kimwe kidasanzwe kuri laser cyane cyane - amaso. Itara ry'umutuku NTABWO rikwiriye kuvura amaso mu buryo bw'urumuri.
Ibi biterwa n'imiterere y'urumuri rwa laser, rushobora kwibanda ku ntera ntoya y'ijisho. Urumuri rwose rwa laser rushobora kwinjira mu jisho maze izo ngufu zose zigashyirwa ahantu hato cyane kuri retina, bigatanga imbaraga nyinshi, kandi bishobora gutwika/kwangiza nyuma y'amasegonda make gusa. Urumuri rwa LED rusohoka mu nguni bityo ntabwo rufite iki kibazo.
Ubucucike bw'ingufu n'ingano
Urumuri rutukura runyura mu jisho rufite ubushobozi bwo kohereza amakuru arenga 95%. Ibi ni ukuri ku rumuri rwa hafi ya infrared kandi bisa no ku rundi rumuri rugaragara nk'ubururu/icyatsi/umuhondo. Bitewe n'uru rumuri rutukura rwinjira cyane, amaso akeneye uburyo bwo kuvura nk'ubwo ku ruhu. Ubushakashatsi bukoresha imbaraga zingana na 50mW/cm2, hamwe n'ingano ntoya ya 10J/cm2 cyangwa munsi yayo. Kugira ngo umenye byinshi ku bijyanye no gutanga serivisi zo kuvura urumuri, reba iyi nyandiko.
Umucyo mubi ku maso
Ubururu, ibara ry'umuhondo n'urumuri rwa UV (200nm-480nm) ni bibi ku maso, bifitanye isano no kwangirika kwa retina cyangwa kwangirika kwa cornea, urwenya, lenzi n'imitsi y'urumuri. Ibi birimo urumuri rw'ubururu butaziguye, ariko kandi n'urumuri rw'ubururu nk'igice cy'amatara yera nka amatara ya LED yo mu rugo/yo mu muhanda cyangwa ecran za mudasobwa/terefone. Amatara yera cyane, cyane cyane afite ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'amabara (3000k+), afite ijanisha rinini ry'urumuri rw'ubururu kandi ntabwo ari meza ku maso. Izuba, cyane cyane imirasire y'izuba yo ku manywa igaragara mu mazi, nayo irimo ijanisha rinini ry'ubururu, bigatera kwangirika kw'amaso uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ku bw'amahirwe, ikirere cy'isi gikuraho (gitatanya) urumuri rw'ubururu ku rugero runaka - inzira yitwa 'gutatana kwa rayleigh' - ariko imirasire y'izuba yo ku manywa iracyafite byinshi, kimwe n'izuba ryo mu kirere ribonwa n'abahanga mu by'ikirere. Amazi yinjiza urumuri rutukura kurusha urumuri rw'ubururu, bityo urumuri rw'izuba ku biyaga/inyanja/nibindi ni isoko y'ubururu gusa. Si imirasire y'izuba igaragara gusa ishobora kugira ingaruka mbi, kuko 'ijisho ry'abasurwa' ari ikibazo gikunze kugaragara gifitanye isano n'urumuri rwa UV rwangiza amaso. Abagenda mu misozi, abahigi n'abandi bantu bo hanze bashobora kubigeraho. Abasare gakondo nk'abasirikare ba kera bo mu mazi n'abajura bakundaga kugira ibibazo byo kureba nyuma y'imyaka mike, ahanini bitewe n'izuba ryo mu nyanja, rikongerwa n'ibibazo by'imirire. Imirasire y'ubushyuhe ya infrared (n'ubushyuhe muri rusange) ishobora kwangiza amaso, nkuko bigenda ku zindi ngirabuzimafatizo z'umubiri, kwangirika k'imikorere y'umubiri bibaho iyo uturemangingo tumaze gushyuha cyane (46°C+ / 115°F+). Abakozi bakora imirimo ijyanye n'itanura rya kera nko gucunga moteri no gushyushya ibirahuri bahoraga bagira ibibazo by'amaso (kuko ubushyuhe buturuka ku muriro/amatanura ari infrared cyane). Umucyo wa laser ushobora kwangiza amaso, nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru. Ikintu nka laser y'ubururu cyangwa UV ni cyo cyangiza cyane, ariko laser y'icyatsi kibisi, umuhondo, umutuku n'iy'infrared hafi ya infrared ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi.
Indwara z'amaso zarafashije
Kureba muri rusange – ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, Cataracts, Diyabete Retinopathy, Macular Degeneration – aka AMD cyangwa age-related macular degeration, Refractive Errors, Glaucoma, Dry Eye, floaters.
Ikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika
Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura amaso mu buryo bw'urumuri mbere yo kwibasirwa n'izuba (cyangwa kwibasirwa n'urumuri rwera cyane). Gukoresha buri munsi/buri cyumweru kugira ngo hirindwe kwangirika kw'amaso.