Ubusembwa bwo ku ruhu, gutukura hagati, no kugabanuka cyane - ibibazo by'uruhu duhura nabyo akenshi bikwirakwira mu burebure butandukanye bw'uruhu, bigatuma uburyo bwo kuvura rimwe butagira icyo bugeraho. Kubwibyo, ikoranabuhanga rya Amerikan ry'urumuri rw'uburebure bwinshi riri kuba igisubizo cyiza cyo guhaza ibyifuzo by'uruhu mu buryo butandukanye.
01. Urumuri rw'urumuri rw'uburebure bwinshi
Iterambere rikomeye mu bijyanye n'ubwiza bw'amatara
Urumuri rwa Merican rugizwe n'amabara menshi ntabwo ari urumuri gusa, ahubwo ni ikoranabuhanga ryihariye ryo gushariza uruhu ryakozwe ku bufatanye n'ikipe y'Abadage, rihuza amahame y'ubuhanga mu gufotora no gukoresha algorithme z'ubwenge.
Iri koranabuhanga rishingiye ku miterere y'umubiri n'impamvu nyamukuru y'ibibazo mu byiciro bitandukanye by'uruhu. Rihitamo uburebure bw'urumuri rw'ibanze, harimo urumuri rutukura, urumuri rurerure rw'imirasire ya infrarouge, n'urumuri rw'umuhondo, kuva kuri spectrum ya 400-1200nm. Binyuze mu guhuza uburebure bw'urumuri, kugenzura ingufu, no guhuza igihe, amasoko atandukanye y'urumuri ahuzwa neza n'imiterere y'uruhu, bigatuma habaho "ingaruka zihuriweho." Ibi bigeraho icyarimwe iterambere ryimbitse nko gukabya, kugabanya iminkanyari, gutuza, no gusana, kandi bishobora guhuzwa neza n'itandukaniro ry'umuntu ku giti cye, bigatuma umuntu yitabwaho ku giti cye.
02. Ibimenyetso by'ubushakashatsi bugezweho mu Bushinwa no mu mahanga:
Ibyiza by'urumuri ruvanze.
Ni ngombwa gushimangira ko uburyo bwo guhitamo uburebure bw'urumuri n'uburyo bwo guhuza imbaraga bukoreshwa mu rumuri rwa Amerika ruhuza imiterere myinshi bushingiye ku bushakashatsi bukomeye ku bidukikije, kandi uburyo bwo guhuza uru rumuri bwashyigikiwe byuzuye n'ibitabo byinshi byemewe bya siyansi biturutse mu Bushinwa no mu mahanga.
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, umuganga wo muri Danemark Finsen yagaragaje ko uburebure butandukanye bw'urumuri bufite ingaruka zihariye ku mubiri w'umuntu, bityo ashyiraho ishingiro rya siyansi ryo kuvura hakoreshejwe fototherapi. Mu myaka ya 1990, ubuvuzi bw'urumuri bufite uburebure bwinshi bwari bwarakoreshejwe cyane mu buvuzi bw'ubwiza bw'ubucuruzi, bukusanya ubunararibonye mu buvuzi mu iterambere ryakurikiyeho mu ikoranabuhanga. Ubushakashatsi bugezweho bwagaragaje ko ingaruka za biyolojiya z'uburebure butandukanye bw'urumuri zikurikije siyansi kandi zigahuzwa n'uburyo buhindagurika ziruta kure cyane ingaruka zoroshye za buri burebure bw'urumuri.
Urugero, amakuru y’ubushakashatsi yasohotse muri *Photomedicine and Laser Surgery* agaragaza ko uruvange rw’urumuri rw’umuhondo rwa 590nm, urumuri rutukura rwa 633nm, n’urumuri rwa hafi rwa 830nm rugaragaza umutekano n’ubushobozi bwiza mu guteza imbere kuvugurura uruhu no kongera collagen yo mu ruhu, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kwita ku ruhu bwiza cyane ugereranije no gukoresha uburebure bw’urumuri rumwe.
Ubundi bushakashatsi bw’ubuvuzi bwagaragaje kandi ko guhuza urumuri rutukura (660nm) n’urumuri rwa hafi ya infrared (850nm), ndetse no guhuza urumuri rw’umuhondo (590nm) n’urumuri rwa hafi ya infrared (850nm), bishobora kubuza cyane ikorwa rya melanin, kugabanya ibara ry’uruhu, no kugira ingaruka nziza ku kwera k’uruhu. Byongeye kandi, ugereranije n’urumuri rwa monochromatic, urumuri ruhuriweho rushobora kugabanya igihe cyo kuvurwa gisabwa ku isoko imwe y’urumuri.
03. Ibihumbi by'ingero z'ibintu nyabyo
Emeza ingaruka zo gushariza uruhu mu buryo bwinshi
Uretse kuba Merican ishyigikiwe n'ubushakashatsi bwemewe mu by'ubuvuzi, yanakoranye n'ibigo byinshi by'ubushakashatsi, birimo Kaminuza ya Jinan na Kaminuza ya Yunnan y'Ubuvuzi gakondo bw'Abashinwa, kugira ngo bakomeze gukora igerageza ryimbitse ku bantu. Binyuze mu isesengura ryimbitse ry'amakuru ibihumbi by'ingero z'ubuzima nyabwo, barushijeho kwemeza imikorere n'umutekano by'urumuri rw'ibice byinshi mu gushariza uruhu mu buryo butandukanye.
Uburyo bwo gupima bwakurikije cyane amahame ya siyansi, bukurikirana buri gihe abapima uruhu bafite ubwoko butandukanye bw'uruhu n'imyaka, kandi bwandika amakuru ku mpinduka mu mucyo w'uruhu, ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka, n'ubushobozi bwo gusana. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko nyuma y'igihe runaka cyo gukoreshwa, abapima babonye impinduka zikomeye mu mucyo w'uruhu muri rusange, ubushobozi bwo kwiyubaka, n'ubushobozi bwo gusana. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bihuye cyane n'ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bugezweho.
Mu rwego rwo kwita ku ruhu muri iki gihe, gukemura ibibazo byinshi by’uruhu icyarimwe byabaye ingorabahizi ku bakunzi b’ubwiza. Ikoranabuhanga ry’urumuri rya Merican rifite ibice byinshi, hamwe n’inyungu zaryo za siyansi zo gusana neza no kunoza imikorere y’uruhu, ryinjijwe mu buryo bwuzuye mu miterere y’ibicuruzwa byaryo by’ubwiza n’ubuhanga bwo kuvura uruhu, riha ababikoresha ubunararibonye bwo kuvugurura uruhu mu buryo bunoze kandi bwuzuye.
